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{{Chembox new| Name = Potassium iodide| ImageFile = Potassium iodide.jpg| ImageFile1 = Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png| IUPACName = Potassium iodide| OtherNames = Kalium iodide,
knollide, potide| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers| CASNo = 7681-11-0| RTECS = TT2975000 -->
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties| Formula = KI| MolarMass = 166.00 g/mol| Appearance = white crystalline solid| Density = 3.13 g/cm3, solid| Solubility = 128 g/100 ml (6 °C)| MeltingPt = 681 °C (954 K)| BoilingPt = 1330 °C (1603 K)| pKa = -->
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure| Coordination =| CrystalStruct =| Dipole = -->
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards| ExternalMSDS = External MSDS| MainHazards = Slightly hazardous| NFPA-H = 1| NFPA-F =| NFPA-R =| RPhrases = 36, 38, 42-43, 61| SPhrases = 26, 36-37, 39, 45 -->
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related| OtherAnions =
potassium bromidepotassium chloride
[sodium iodide
rubidium iodidecaesium iodide -->
-->
Potassium iodide is a white
crystalline salt with chemical formula , used in
photography and radiation treatment. It finds widespread application as an iodide source because it is less hygroscopic than
sodium iodide, making it easier to work with. KI can turn yellow upon heating in air or upon standing in moist air for long periods, because of oxidation of the
iodide to
iodine.
Chemical properties
Potassium iodide behaves as a simple ion salt, K+I−. Since the
iodide ion is a mild Redox, I− is easily oxidised to
iodine by powerful
redox such as
chlorine:
2 KI(
aqueous) + Chlorine(aq) → 2
Potassium chloride +
Iodine(aq)
Even air will oxidize iodide as evidenced by the observation of a purple extract when KI is rinsed with
dichloromethane. Under acidic conditions, KI is oxidised even more easily, due to the formation of hydroiodic acid (HI), which is a powerful reducing agent.N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw,
Chemistry of the Elements, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1984
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990
The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, 1960H. Nechamkin,
The Chemistry of the Elements, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968
KI forms
triiodide when combined with elemental iodine.
:KI(aq) +
Iodine(solid) → KI3(aq)
Unlike I2, I3− salts can be highly water-soluble. I2 and I3− have virtually identical redox potentials (0.535 and 0.536 V vs NHE, respectively), i.e. they are both mild oxidants relative to H2. Therefore, this reaction allows the
iodine to be used in aqueous solutions for
redox titrations.
Potassium iodide also serves in some organic reactions as a source of iodide ion (see "uses" below).
Uses
Potassium iodide is used in
photography, in the preparation of
silver(I) iodide for high speed photographic film:
KI(
aqueous) +
Silver nitrate(aqueous) →
Silver iodide(
solid) +
Potassium nitrate(
aqueous)
Potassium iodide is also added to sodium chloride in small quantities to make it "iodized". In a saturated solution, it is also used as an expectorant to treat lung congestion.
KI is often used as a source of iodide ion in organic synthesis. A useful application is in the preparation of aryl iodides from arenediazonium salts.L. G. Wade,
Organic Chemistry, 5th ed., pp. 871-2, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle RIver, New Jersey, 2003J. March,
Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed., pp. 670-1, Wiley, New York, 1992 For example:
Saturated solution of potassium iodide is also used as treatment for
sporotrichosis, a fungal infection.
In medical use, it can also serve as an antiseptic for people suffering from sore throat. The dose is 0.5g-1.0g in 100mL, with the accompany of iodine (0.5g-1.0g in 100mL).
KI is also used as a fluorescence quenching agent in biomedical research because of collisional quenching by its iodide ion.
In aqueous solution with elemental iodine, it acts as a gold
etchant and will attack and dissolve gold surfaces.
Radiation protection
tablets, produced and distributed to the population of the
Republic of Ireland in case of a terror attack on the Sellafield
nuclear power station in the United Kingdom.Potassium iodide may also be used to protect the
thyroid from
radioiodine in the event of an accident or attack at a
nuclear power plant, or other nuclear attack, especially where a
nuclear reactor is breached and the volatile radionuclides, which contain significant amount of iodine-131, are released into the environment. Radioiodine is a particularly dangerous radionuclide because the body concentrates it in the thyroid gland. Potassium iodide cannot protect against other causes of radiation poisoning, however, nor can it provide any degree of protection against a dirty bomb unless the bomb happens to contain a significant amount of iodine-131. In case of a
Nuclear fallout,
iodine used for the cleaning of wounds should
not be Ingestion. It is a
poison.
{] and the external links for more details.
Precautions
Mild irritant, wear gloves. Chronic overexposure can have adverse effects on the thyroid.
References
Reacts with various compounds since Iodine is a halogen and has greater -I effect
External links
-
- World Health Organization's guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following a nuclear accident
{{Chembox new| Name = Potassium iodide| ImageFile = Potassium iodide.jpg| ImageFile1 = Potassium-iodide-3D-ionic.png| IUPACName = Potassium iodide| OtherNames = Kalium iodide,
knollide, potide| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers| CASNo = 7681-11-0| RTECS = TT2975000 -->
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties| Formula = KI| MolarMass = 166.00 g/mol| Appearance = white crystalline solid| Density = 3.13 g/cm3, solid| Solubility = 128 g/100 ml (6 °C)| MeltingPt = 681 °C (954 K)| BoilingPt = 1330 °C (1603 K)| pKa = -->
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure| Coordination =| CrystalStruct =| Dipole = -->
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards| ExternalMSDS = External MSDS| MainHazards = Slightly hazardous| NFPA-H = 1| NFPA-F =| NFPA-R =| RPhrases = 36, 38, 42-43, 61| SPhrases = 26, 36-37, 39, 45 -->
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related| OtherAnions = potassium bromide
potassium chloride
[sodium iodide
rubidium iodidecaesium iodide -->
-->
Potassium iodide is a white crystalline
salt with
chemical formula , used in
photography and radiation treatment. It finds widespread application as an iodide source because it is less hygroscopic than
sodium iodide, making it easier to work with. KI can turn yellow upon heating in air or upon standing in moist air for long periods, because of oxidation of the iodide to
iodine.
Chemical properties
Potassium iodide behaves as a simple ion salt, K+I−. Since the
iodide ion is a mild Redox, I− is easily oxidised to
iodine by powerful redox such as
chlorine:
2 KI(aqueous) +
Chlorine(aq) → 2 Potassium chloride + Iodine(aq)
Even air will oxidize iodide as evidenced by the observation of a purple extract when KI is rinsed with
dichloromethane. Under acidic conditions, KI is oxidised even more easily, due to the formation of
hydroiodic acid (HI), which is a powerful reducing agent.N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw,
Chemistry of the Elements, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1984
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st edition, CRC Press, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1990
The Merck Index, 7th edition, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, 1960H. Nechamkin,
The Chemistry of the Elements, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968
KI forms
triiodide when combined with elemental iodine.
:KI(aq) +
Iodine(solid) → KI3(aq)
Unlike I2, I3− salts can be highly water-soluble. I2 and I3− have virtually identical redox potentials (0.535 and 0.536 V vs NHE, respectively), i.e. they are both mild oxidants relative to H2. Therefore, this reaction allows the iodine to be used in aqueous solutions for
redox titrations.
Potassium iodide also serves in some organic reactions as a source of iodide ion (see "uses" below).
Uses
Potassium iodide is used in photography, in the preparation of silver(I) iodide for high speed
photographic film:
KI(
aqueous) +
Silver nitrate(
aqueous) →
Silver iodide(
solid) +
Potassium nitrate(aqueous)
Potassium iodide is also added to
sodium chloride in small quantities to make it "iodized". In a saturated solution, it is also used as an
expectorant to treat lung congestion.
KI is often used as a source of
iodide ion in
organic synthesis. A useful application is in the preparation of aryl iodides from arenediazonium salts.L. G. Wade,
Organic Chemistry, 5th ed., pp. 871-2, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle RIver, New Jersey, 2003J. March,
Advanced Organic Chemistry, 4th ed., pp. 670-1, Wiley, New York, 1992 For example:
Saturated solution of potassium iodide is also used as treatment for sporotrichosis, a fungal infection.
In medical use, it can also serve as an antiseptic for people suffering from sore throat. The dose is 0.5g-1.0g in 100mL, with the accompany of iodine (0.5g-1.0g in 100mL).
KI is also used as a
fluorescence quenching agent in biomedical research because of collisional quenching by its iodide ion.
In aqueous solution with elemental iodine, it acts as a gold etchant and will attack and dissolve gold surfaces.
Radiation protection
tablets, produced and distributed to the population of the
Republic of Ireland in case of a terror attack on the
Sellafield nuclear power station in the
United Kingdom.Potassium iodide may also be used to protect the
thyroid from radioiodine in the event of an accident or attack at a
nuclear power plant, or other
nuclear attack, especially where a
nuclear reactor is breached and the volatile radionuclides, which contain significant amount of iodine-131, are released into the environment. Radioiodine is a particularly dangerous radionuclide because the body concentrates it in the thyroid gland. Potassium iodide cannot protect against other causes of radiation poisoning, however, nor can it provide any degree of protection against a
dirty bomb unless the bomb happens to contain a significant amount of
iodine-131. In case of a Nuclear fallout,
iodine used for the cleaning of wounds should
not be Ingestion. It is a
poison.
{] and the external links for more details.
Precautions
Mild irritant, wear gloves. Chronic overexposure can have adverse effects on the thyroid.
References
Reacts with various compounds since Iodine is a halogen and has greater -I effect
External links
-
- World Health Organization's guidelines for iodine prophylaxis following a nuclear accident
Potassium iodide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Potassium iodide is a white crystalline salt with chemical formula K I, used in photography and radiation treatment. It finds widespread application as an iodide source because it ...
Safety (MSDS) data for potassium iodide
Safety (MSDS) data for potassium iodide ... Glossary of terms on this data sheet. The information on this web page is provided to help you to work safely, but it is intended to be ...
Chemical Safety Data: Potassium iodide
Chemical Safety Data: Potassium iodide ... Common synonyms: None: Formula: KI: Physical properties: Form: White crystalline solid
POTASSIUM IODIDE
1. Product Identification Synonyms: Potide; hydriodic acid, potassium salt; Iodic acid, potassium salt CAS No.: 7681-11-0
CDC Radiation Emergencies | Potassium Iodide (KI)
Information on terrorism and public health. Provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Frequently Asked Questions on Potassium Iodide (KI)
Frequently Asked Questions on Potassium Iodide (KI) ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration • Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies
FDA document providing an introduction, background, conclusions, and recommendations.
Definition: potassium iodide from Online Medical Dictionary
The Online Medical Dictionary is a searchable dictionary of definitions from medicine, science and technology.
Potassium Iodide Data Sheet
Hilger Crystals Material Data Sheet - KI - Potassium Iodide ... KI Potassium Iodide Description : Potassium Iodide has few specific applications but is useful in the very deep IR
potassium iodide - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about potassium ...
potassium. Soft, waxlike, silver-white, metallic element, atomic number 19, relative atomic mass 39.0983. Its chemical symbol comes from the Latin kalium.
